Sentiment Classification & How To "Frame Problems" for a Neural Network

by Andrew Trask

What You Should Already Know

  • neural networks, forward and back-propagation
  • stochastic gradient descent
  • mean squared error
  • and train/test splits

Where to Get Help if You Need it

  • Re-watch previous Udacity Lectures
  • Leverage the recommended Course Reading Material - Grokking Deep Learning (40% Off: traskud17)
  • Shoot me a tweet @iamtrask

Tutorial Outline:

  • Intro: The Importance of "Framing a Problem"
  • Curate a Dataset
  • Developing a "Predictive Theory"
  • PROJECT 1: Quick Theory Validation
  • Transforming Text to Numbers
  • PROJECT 2: Creating the Input/Output Data
  • Putting it all together in a Neural Network
  • PROJECT 3: Building our Neural Network
  • Understanding Neural Noise
  • PROJECT 4: Making Learning Faster by Reducing Noise
  • Analyzing Inefficiencies in our Network
  • PROJECT 5: Making our Network Train and Run Faster
  • Further Noise Reduction
  • PROJECT 6: Reducing Noise by Strategically Reducing the Vocabulary
  • Analysis: What's going on in the weights?

Lesson: Curate a Dataset


In [15]:
def pretty_print_review_and_label(i):
    print(labels[i] + "\t:\t" + reviews[i][:80] + "...")

g = open('reviews.txt','r') # What we know!
reviews = list(map(lambda x:x[:-1],g.readlines()))
g.close()

g = open('labels.txt','r') # What we WANT to know!
labels = list(map(lambda x:x[:-1].upper(),g.readlines()))
g.close()

In [16]:
len(reviews)


Out[16]:
25000

In [14]:
reviews[0]


---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-14-b83a86b02354> in <module>()
----> 1 reviews[0]

NameError: name 'reviews' is not defined

In [6]:
labels[0]


Out[6]:
'POSITIVE'

Lesson: Develop a Predictive Theory


In [7]:
print("labels.txt \t : \t reviews.txt\n")
pretty_print_review_and_label(2137)
pretty_print_review_and_label(12816)
pretty_print_review_and_label(6267)
pretty_print_review_and_label(21934)
pretty_print_review_and_label(5297)
pretty_print_review_and_label(4998)


labels.txt 	 : 	 reviews.txt

NEGATIVE	:	this movie is terrible but it has some good effects .  ...
POSITIVE	:	adrian pasdar is excellent is this film . he makes a fascinating woman .  ...
NEGATIVE	:	comment this movie is impossible . is terrible  very improbable  bad interpretat...
POSITIVE	:	excellent episode movie ala pulp fiction .  days   suicides . it doesnt get more...
NEGATIVE	:	if you haven  t seen this  it  s terrible . it is pure trash . i saw this about ...
POSITIVE	:	this schiffer guy is a real genius  the movie is of excellent quality and both e...

Project 1: Quick Theory Validation


In [9]:
from collections import Counter
import numpy as np

In [10]:
positive_counts = Counter()
negative_counts = Counter()
total_counts = Counter()

In [11]:
for i in range(len(reviews)):
    if(labels[i] == 'POSITIVE'):
        for word in reviews[i].split(" "):
            positive_counts[word] += 1
            total_counts[word] += 1
    else:
        for word in reviews[i].split(" "):
            negative_counts[word] += 1
            total_counts[word] += 1

In [12]:
positive_counts.most_common()


Out[12]:
[('', 550468),
 ('the', 173324),
 ('.', 159654),
 ('and', 89722),
 ('a', 83688),
 ('of', 76855),
 ('to', 66746),
 ('is', 57245),
 ('in', 50215),
 ('br', 49235),
 ('it', 48025),
 ('i', 40743),
 ('that', 35630),
 ('this', 35080),
 ('s', 33815),
 ('as', 26308),
 ('with', 23247),
 ('for', 22416),
 ('was', 21917),
 ('film', 20937),
 ('but', 20822),
 ('movie', 19074),
 ('his', 17227),
 ('on', 17008),
 ('you', 16681),
 ('he', 16282),
 ('are', 14807),
 ('not', 14272),
 ('t', 13720),
 ('one', 13655),
 ('have', 12587),
 ('be', 12416),
 ('by', 11997),
 ('all', 11942),
 ('who', 11464),
 ('an', 11294),
 ('at', 11234),
 ('from', 10767),
 ('her', 10474),
 ('they', 9895),
 ('has', 9186),
 ('so', 9154),
 ('like', 9038),
 ('about', 8313),
 ('very', 8305),
 ('out', 8134),
 ('there', 8057),
 ('she', 7779),
 ('what', 7737),
 ('or', 7732),
 ('good', 7720),
 ('more', 7521),
 ('when', 7456),
 ('some', 7441),
 ('if', 7285),
 ('just', 7152),
 ('can', 7001),
 ('story', 6780),
 ('time', 6515),
 ('my', 6488),
 ('great', 6419),
 ('well', 6405),
 ('up', 6321),
 ('which', 6267),
 ('their', 6107),
 ('see', 6026),
 ('also', 5550),
 ('we', 5531),
 ('really', 5476),
 ('would', 5400),
 ('will', 5218),
 ('me', 5167),
 ('had', 5148),
 ('only', 5137),
 ('him', 5018),
 ('even', 4964),
 ('most', 4864),
 ('other', 4858),
 ('were', 4782),
 ('first', 4755),
 ('than', 4736),
 ('much', 4685),
 ('its', 4622),
 ('no', 4574),
 ('into', 4544),
 ('people', 4479),
 ('best', 4319),
 ('love', 4301),
 ('get', 4272),
 ('how', 4213),
 ('life', 4199),
 ('been', 4189),
 ('because', 4079),
 ('way', 4036),
 ('do', 3941),
 ('made', 3823),
 ('films', 3813),
 ('them', 3805),
 ('after', 3800),
 ('many', 3766),
 ('two', 3733),
 ('too', 3659),
 ('think', 3655),
 ('movies', 3586),
 ('characters', 3560),
 ('character', 3514),
 ('don', 3468),
 ('man', 3460),
 ('show', 3432),
 ('watch', 3424),
 ('seen', 3414),
 ('then', 3358),
 ('little', 3341),
 ('still', 3340),
 ('make', 3303),
 ('could', 3237),
 ('never', 3226),
 ('being', 3217),
 ('where', 3173),
 ('does', 3069),
 ('over', 3017),
 ('any', 3002),
 ('while', 2899),
 ('know', 2833),
 ('did', 2790),
 ('years', 2758),
 ('here', 2740),
 ('ever', 2734),
 ('end', 2696),
 ('these', 2694),
 ('such', 2590),
 ('real', 2568),
 ('scene', 2567),
 ('back', 2547),
 ('those', 2485),
 ('though', 2475),
 ('off', 2463),
 ('new', 2458),
 ('your', 2453),
 ('go', 2440),
 ('acting', 2437),
 ('plot', 2432),
 ('world', 2429),
 ('scenes', 2427),
 ('say', 2414),
 ('through', 2409),
 ('makes', 2390),
 ('better', 2381),
 ('now', 2368),
 ('work', 2346),
 ('young', 2343),
 ('old', 2311),
 ('ve', 2307),
 ('find', 2272),
 ('both', 2248),
 ('before', 2177),
 ('us', 2162),
 ('again', 2158),
 ('series', 2153),
 ('quite', 2143),
 ('something', 2135),
 ('cast', 2133),
 ('should', 2121),
 ('part', 2098),
 ('always', 2088),
 ('lot', 2087),
 ('another', 2075),
 ('actors', 2047),
 ('director', 2040),
 ('family', 2032),
 ('between', 2016),
 ('own', 2016),
 ('m', 1998),
 ('may', 1997),
 ('same', 1972),
 ('role', 1967),
 ('watching', 1966),
 ('every', 1954),
 ('funny', 1953),
 ('doesn', 1935),
 ('performance', 1928),
 ('few', 1918),
 ('bad', 1907),
 ('look', 1900),
 ('re', 1884),
 ('why', 1855),
 ('things', 1849),
 ('times', 1832),
 ('big', 1815),
 ('however', 1795),
 ('actually', 1790),
 ('action', 1789),
 ('going', 1783),
 ('bit', 1757),
 ('comedy', 1742),
 ('down', 1740),
 ('music', 1738),
 ('must', 1728),
 ('take', 1709),
 ('saw', 1692),
 ('long', 1690),
 ('right', 1688),
 ('fun', 1686),
 ('fact', 1684),
 ('excellent', 1683),
 ('around', 1674),
 ('didn', 1672),
 ('without', 1671),
 ('thing', 1662),
 ('thought', 1639),
 ('got', 1635),
 ('each', 1630),
 ('day', 1614),
 ('feel', 1597),
 ('seems', 1596),
 ('come', 1594),
 ('done', 1586),
 ('beautiful', 1580),
 ('especially', 1572),
 ('played', 1571),
 ('almost', 1566),
 ('want', 1562),
 ('yet', 1556),
 ('give', 1553),
 ('pretty', 1549),
 ('last', 1543),
 ('since', 1519),
 ('different', 1504),
 ('although', 1501),
 ('gets', 1490),
 ('true', 1487),
 ('interesting', 1481),
 ('job', 1470),
 ('enough', 1455),
 ('our', 1454),
 ('shows', 1447),
 ('horror', 1441),
 ('woman', 1439),
 ('tv', 1400),
 ('probably', 1398),
 ('father', 1395),
 ('original', 1393),
 ('girl', 1390),
 ('point', 1379),
 ('plays', 1378),
 ('wonderful', 1372),
 ('far', 1358),
 ('course', 1358),
 ('john', 1350),
 ('rather', 1340),
 ('isn', 1328),
 ('ll', 1326),
 ('later', 1324),
 ('dvd', 1324),
 ('war', 1310),
 ('whole', 1310),
 ('d', 1307),
 ('away', 1306),
 ('found', 1306),
 ('screen', 1305),
 ('nothing', 1300),
 ('year', 1297),
 ('once', 1296),
 ('hard', 1294),
 ('together', 1280),
 ('am', 1277),
 ('set', 1277),
 ('having', 1266),
 ('making', 1265),
 ('place', 1263),
 ('comes', 1260),
 ('might', 1260),
 ('sure', 1253),
 ('american', 1248),
 ('play', 1245),
 ('kind', 1244),
 ('takes', 1242),
 ('perfect', 1242),
 ('performances', 1237),
 ('himself', 1230),
 ('worth', 1221),
 ('everyone', 1221),
 ('anyone', 1214),
 ('actor', 1203),
 ('three', 1201),
 ('wife', 1196),
 ('classic', 1192),
 ('goes', 1186),
 ('ending', 1178),
 ('version', 1168),
 ('star', 1149),
 ('enjoy', 1146),
 ('book', 1142),
 ('nice', 1132),
 ('everything', 1128),
 ('during', 1124),
 ('put', 1118),
 ('seeing', 1111),
 ('least', 1102),
 ('house', 1100),
 ('high', 1095),
 ('watched', 1094),
 ('men', 1087),
 ('loved', 1087),
 ('night', 1082),
 ('anything', 1075),
 ('guy', 1071),
 ('believe', 1071),
 ('top', 1063),
 ('amazing', 1058),
 ('hollywood', 1056),
 ('looking', 1053),
 ('main', 1044),
 ('definitely', 1043),
 ('gives', 1031),
 ('home', 1029),
 ('seem', 1028),
 ('episode', 1023),
 ('sense', 1020),
 ('audience', 1020),
 ('truly', 1017),
 ('special', 1011),
 ('fan', 1009),
 ('second', 1009),
 ('short', 1009),
 ('mind', 1005),
 ('human', 1001),
 ('recommend', 999),
 ('full', 996),
 ('black', 995),
 ('help', 991),
 ('along', 989),
 ('trying', 987),
 ('small', 986),
 ('death', 985),
 ('friends', 981),
 ('remember', 974),
 ('often', 970),
 ('said', 966),
 ('favorite', 962),
 ('heart', 959),
 ('early', 957),
 ('left', 956),
 ('until', 955),
 ('let', 954),
 ('script', 954),
 ('maybe', 937),
 ('today', 936),
 ('live', 934),
 ('less', 934),
 ('moments', 933),
 ('others', 929),
 ('brilliant', 926),
 ('shot', 925),
 ('liked', 923),
 ('become', 916),
 ('won', 915),
 ('used', 910),
 ('style', 907),
 ('mother', 895),
 ('lives', 894),
 ('came', 893),
 ('stars', 890),
 ('cinema', 889),
 ('looks', 885),
 ('perhaps', 884),
 ('read', 882),
 ('enjoyed', 879),
 ('boy', 875),
 ('drama', 873),
 ('highly', 871),
 ('given', 870),
 ('playing', 867),
 ('use', 864),
 ('next', 859),
 ('women', 858),
 ('fine', 857),
 ('effects', 856),
 ('kids', 854),
 ('entertaining', 853),
 ('need', 852),
 ('line', 850),
 ('works', 848),
 ('someone', 847),
 ('mr', 836),
 ('simply', 835),
 ('children', 833),
 ('picture', 833),
 ('face', 831),
 ('friend', 831),
 ('keep', 831),
 ('dark', 830),
 ('overall', 828),
 ('certainly', 828),
 ('minutes', 827),
 ('wasn', 824),
 ('history', 822),
 ('finally', 820),
 ('couple', 816),
 ('against', 815),
 ('son', 809),
 ('understand', 808),
 ('lost', 807),
 ('michael', 805),
 ('else', 801),
 ('throughout', 798),
 ('fans', 797),
 ('city', 792),
 ('reason', 789),
 ('written', 787),
 ('production', 787),
 ('several', 784),
 ('school', 783),
 ('rest', 781),
 ('based', 781),
 ('try', 780),
 ('dead', 776),
 ('hope', 775),
 ('strong', 768),
 ('white', 765),
 ('tell', 759),
 ('itself', 758),
 ('half', 753),
 ('person', 749),
 ('sometimes', 746),
 ('past', 744),
 ('start', 744),
 ('genre', 743),
 ('final', 739),
 ('beginning', 739),
 ('town', 738),
 ('art', 734),
 ('game', 732),
 ('humor', 732),
 ('yes', 731),
 ('idea', 731),
 ('late', 730),
 ('becomes', 729),
 ('despite', 729),
 ('able', 726),
 ('case', 726),
 ('money', 723),
 ('child', 721),
 ('completely', 721),
 ('side', 719),
 ('camera', 716),
 ('getting', 714),
 ('instead', 712),
 ('soon', 702),
 ('under', 700),
 ('viewer', 699),
 ('age', 697),
 ('days', 696),
 ('stories', 696),
 ('felt', 694),
 ('simple', 694),
 ('roles', 693),
 ('video', 688),
 ('name', 683),
 ('either', 683),
 ('doing', 677),
 ('turns', 674),
 ('wants', 671),
 ('close', 671),
 ('title', 669),
 ('wrong', 668),
 ('went', 666),
 ('james', 665),
 ('evil', 659),
 ('budget', 657),
 ('episodes', 657),
 ('relationship', 655),
 ('piece', 653),
 ('fantastic', 653),
 ('david', 651),
 ('turn', 648),
 ('murder', 646),
 ('parts', 645),
 ('brother', 644),
 ('head', 643),
 ('absolutely', 643),
 ('experience', 642),
 ('eyes', 641),
 ('sex', 638),
 ('direction', 637),
 ('called', 637),
 ('directed', 636),
 ('lines', 634),
 ('behind', 633),
 ('sort', 632),
 ('actress', 631),
 ('lead', 630),
 ('oscar', 628),
 ('example', 627),
 ('including', 627),
 ('known', 625),
 ('musical', 625),
 ('chance', 621),
 ('score', 620),
 ('feeling', 619),
 ('already', 619),
 ('hit', 619),
 ('voice', 615),
 ('moment', 612),
 ('living', 612),
 ('low', 610),
 ('supporting', 610),
 ('ago', 609),
 ('themselves', 608),
 ('hilarious', 605),
 ('reality', 605),
 ('jack', 604),
 ('told', 603),
 ('hand', 601),
 ('moving', 600),
 ('dialogue', 600),
 ('quality', 600),
 ('song', 599),
 ('happy', 599),
 ('paul', 598),
 ('matter', 598),
 ('light', 594),
 ('future', 593),
 ('entire', 592),
 ('finds', 591),
 ('gave', 589),
 ('laugh', 587),
 ('released', 586),
 ('expect', 584),
 ('fight', 581),
 ('particularly', 580),
 ('cinematography', 579),
 ('police', 579),
 ('whose', 578),
 ('type', 578),
 ('sound', 578),
 ('enjoyable', 573),
 ('view', 573),
 ('husband', 572),
 ('romantic', 572),
 ('number', 572),
 ('daughter', 572),
 ('documentary', 571),
 ('self', 570),
 ('modern', 569),
 ('robert', 569),
 ('took', 569),
 ('superb', 569),
 ('mean', 566),
 ('shown', 563),
 ('coming', 561),
 ('important', 560),
 ('king', 559),
 ('leave', 559),
 ('change', 558),
 ('wanted', 555),
 ('somewhat', 555),
 ('tells', 554),
 ('run', 552),
 ('events', 552),
 ('country', 552),
 ('career', 552),
 ('heard', 550),
 ('season', 550),
 ('girls', 549),
 ('greatest', 549),
 ('etc', 547),
 ('care', 546),
 ('starts', 545),
 ('english', 542),
 ('killer', 541),
 ('animation', 540),
 ('guys', 540),
 ('totally', 540),
 ('tale', 540),
 ('usual', 539),
 ('opinion', 535),
 ('miss', 535),
 ('violence', 531),
 ('easy', 531),
 ('songs', 530),
 ('british', 528),
 ('says', 526),
 ('realistic', 525),
 ('writing', 524),
 ('act', 522),
 ('writer', 522),
 ('comic', 521),
 ('thriller', 519),
 ('television', 517),
 ('power', 516),
 ('ones', 515),
 ('kid', 514),
 ('novel', 513),
 ('york', 513),
 ('problem', 512),
 ('alone', 512),
 ('attention', 509),
 ('involved', 508),
 ('kill', 507),
 ('extremely', 507),
 ('seemed', 506),
 ('hero', 505),
 ('french', 505),
 ('rock', 504),
 ('stuff', 501),
 ('wish', 499),
 ('begins', 498),
 ('taken', 497),
 ('sad', 497),
 ('ways', 496),
 ('richard', 495),
 ('knows', 494),
 ('atmosphere', 493),
 ('surprised', 491),
 ('similar', 491),
 ('taking', 491),
 ('car', 491),
 ('george', 490),
 ('perfectly', 490),
 ('across', 489),
 ('sequence', 489),
 ('eye', 489),
 ('team', 489),
 ('serious', 488),
 ('powerful', 488),
 ('room', 488),
 ('due', 488),
 ('among', 488),
 ('order', 487),
 ('b', 487),
 ('cannot', 487),
 ('strange', 487),
 ('beauty', 486),
 ('famous', 485),
 ('tries', 484),
 ('myself', 484),
 ('happened', 484),
 ('herself', 484),
 ('class', 483),
 ('four', 482),
 ('cool', 481),
 ('release', 479),
 ('anyway', 479),
 ('theme', 479),
 ('opening', 478),
 ('entertainment', 477),
 ('unique', 475),
 ('ends', 475),
 ('slow', 475),
 ('exactly', 475),
 ('red', 474),
 ('o', 474),
 ('level', 474),
 ('easily', 474),
 ('interest', 472),
 ('happen', 471),
 ('crime', 470),
 ('viewing', 468),
 ('memorable', 467),
 ('sets', 467),
 ('group', 466),
 ('stop', 466),
 ('dance', 463),
 ('message', 463),
 ('sister', 463),
 ('working', 463),
 ('problems', 463),
 ('knew', 462),
 ('mystery', 461),
 ('nature', 461),
 ('bring', 460),
 ('believable', 459),
 ('thinking', 459),
 ('brought', 459),
 ('mostly', 458),
 ('couldn', 457),
 ('disney', 457),
 ('society', 456),
 ('within', 455),
 ('lady', 455),
 ('blood', 454),
 ('upon', 453),
 ('viewers', 453),
 ('parents', 453),
 ('meets', 452),
 ('form', 452),
 ('soundtrack', 452),
 ('usually', 452),
 ('tom', 452),
 ('peter', 452),
 ('local', 450),
 ('certain', 448),
 ('follow', 448),
 ('whether', 447),
 ('possible', 446),
 ('emotional', 445),
 ('killed', 444),
 ('de', 444),
 ('above', 444),
 ('middle', 443),
 ('god', 443),
 ('happens', 442),
 ('flick', 442),
 ('needs', 442),
 ('masterpiece', 441),
 ('major', 440),
 ('period', 440),
 ('haven', 439),
 ('named', 439),
 ('th', 438),
 ('particular', 438),
 ('earth', 437),
 ('feature', 437),
 ('stand', 436),
 ('words', 435),
 ('typical', 435),
 ('obviously', 433),
 ('elements', 433),
 ('romance', 431),
 ('jane', 430),
 ('yourself', 427),
 ('showing', 427),
 ('fantasy', 426),
 ('brings', 426),
 ('america', 423),
 ('guess', 423),
 ('huge', 422),
 ('unfortunately', 422),
 ('indeed', 421),
 ('running', 421),
 ('talent', 420),
 ('stage', 419),
 ('started', 418),
 ('sweet', 417),
 ('leads', 417),
 ('japanese', 417),
 ('poor', 416),
 ('deal', 416),
 ('personal', 413),
 ('incredible', 413),
 ('fast', 412),
 ('became', 410),
 ('deep', 410),
 ('hours', 409),
 ('nearly', 408),
 ('dream', 408),
 ('giving', 408),
 ('turned', 407),
 ('clearly', 407),
 ('near', 406),
 ('obvious', 406),
 ('cut', 405),
 ('surprise', 405),
 ('body', 404),
 ('era', 404),
 ('female', 403),
 ('hour', 403),
 ('five', 403),
 ('note', 399),
 ('learn', 398),
 ('truth', 398),
 ('match', 397),
 ('feels', 397),
 ('except', 397),
 ('tony', 397),
 ('filmed', 394),
 ('complete', 394),
 ('clear', 394),
 ('older', 393),
 ('street', 393),
 ('lots', 393),
 ('eventually', 393),
 ('keeps', 393),
 ('buy', 392),
 ('stewart', 391),
 ('william', 391),
 ('joe', 390),
 ('meet', 390),
 ('fall', 390),
 ('shots', 389),
 ('talking', 389),
 ('difficult', 389),
 ('unlike', 389),
 ('rating', 389),
 ('means', 388),
 ('dramatic', 388),
 ('appears', 386),
 ('subject', 386),
 ('wonder', 386),
 ('present', 386),
 ('situation', 386),
 ('comments', 385),
 ('sequences', 383),
 ('general', 383),
 ('lee', 383),
 ('earlier', 382),
 ('points', 382),
 ('check', 379),
 ('gone', 379),
 ('ten', 378),
 ('suspense', 378),
 ('recommended', 378),
 ('business', 377),
 ('third', 377),
 ('talk', 375),
 ('leaves', 375),
 ('beyond', 375),
 ('portrayal', 374),
 ('beautifully', 373),
 ('single', 372),
 ('bill', 372),
 ('word', 371),
 ('plenty', 371),
 ('falls', 370),
 ('whom', 370),
 ('figure', 369),
 ('battle', 369),
 ('scary', 369),
 ('non', 369),
 ('return', 368),
 ('using', 368),
 ('doubt', 367),
 ('add', 367),
 ('hear', 366),
 ('solid', 366),
 ('success', 366),
 ('touching', 365),
 ('political', 365),
 ('oh', 365),
 ('jokes', 365),
 ('awesome', 364),
 ('hell', 364),
 ('boys', 364),
 ('dog', 362),
 ('recently', 362),
 ('sexual', 362),
 ('please', 361),
 ('wouldn', 361),
 ('features', 361),
 ('straight', 361),
 ('lack', 360),
 ('forget', 360),
 ('setting', 360),
 ('mark', 359),
 ('married', 359),
 ('social', 357),
 ('adventure', 356),
 ('interested', 356),
 ('brothers', 355),
 ('sees', 355),
 ('actual', 355),
 ('terrific', 355),
 ('move', 354),
 ('call', 354),
 ('various', 353),
 ('dr', 353),
 ('theater', 353),
 ('animated', 352),
 ('western', 351),
 ('space', 350),
 ('baby', 350),
 ('leading', 348),
 ('disappointed', 348),
 ('portrayed', 346),
 ('aren', 346),
 ('screenplay', 345),
 ('smith', 345),
 ('hate', 344),
 ('towards', 344),
 ('noir', 343),
 ('outstanding', 342),
 ('decent', 342),
 ('kelly', 342),
 ('directors', 341),
 ('journey', 341),
 ('none', 340),
 ('effective', 340),
 ('looked', 340),
 ('caught', 339),
 ('cold', 339),
 ('storyline', 339),
 ('fi', 339),
 ('sci', 339),
 ('mary', 339),
 ('rich', 338),
 ('charming', 338),
 ('harry', 337),
 ('popular', 337),
 ('manages', 337),
 ('rare', 337),
 ('spirit', 336),
 ('open', 335),
 ('appreciate', 335),
 ('basically', 334),
 ('moves', 334),
 ('acted', 334),
 ('deserves', 333),
 ('subtle', 333),
 ('mention', 333),
 ('inside', 333),
 ('pace', 333),
 ('century', 333),
 ('boring', 333),
 ('familiar', 332),
 ('background', 332),
 ('ben', 331),
 ('creepy', 330),
 ('supposed', 330),
 ('secret', 329),
 ('jim', 328),
 ('die', 328),
 ('question', 327),
 ('effect', 327),
 ('natural', 327),
 ('rate', 326),
 ('language', 326),
 ('impressive', 326),
 ('intelligent', 325),
 ('saying', 325),
 ('material', 324),
 ('realize', 324),
 ('telling', 324),
 ('scott', 324),
 ('singing', 323),
 ('dancing', 322),
 ('adult', 321),
 ('imagine', 321),
 ('visual', 321),
 ('kept', 320),
 ('office', 320),
 ('uses', 319),
 ('pure', 318),
 ('wait', 318),
 ('stunning', 318),
 ('copy', 317),
 ('review', 317),
 ('previous', 317),
 ('seriously', 317),
 ('somehow', 316),
 ('created', 316),
 ('magic', 316),
 ('create', 316),
 ('hot', 316),
 ('reading', 316),
 ('crazy', 315),
 ('air', 315),
 ('frank', 315),
 ('stay', 315),
 ('escape', 315),
 ('attempt', 315),
 ('hands', 314),
 ('filled', 313),
 ('surprisingly', 312),
 ('expected', 312),
 ('average', 312),
 ('complex', 311),
 ('studio', 310),
 ('successful', 310),
 ('quickly', 310),
 ('male', 309),
 ('plus', 309),
 ('co', 307),
 ('minute', 306),
 ('images', 306),
 ('casting', 306),
 ('exciting', 306),
 ('following', 306),
 ('members', 305),
 ('german', 305),
 ('e', 305),
 ('reasons', 305),
 ('follows', 305),
 ('themes', 305),
 ('touch', 304),
 ('genius', 304),
 ('free', 304),
 ('edge', 304),
 ('cute', 304),
 ('outside', 303),
 ('ok', 302),
 ('admit', 302),
 ('younger', 302),
 ('reviews', 302),
 ('odd', 301),
 ('fighting', 301),
 ('master', 301),
 ('break', 300),
 ('thanks', 300),
 ('recent', 300),
 ('comment', 300),
 ('apart', 299),
 ('lovely', 298),
 ('begin', 298),
 ('emotions', 298),
 ('doctor', 297),
 ('italian', 297),
 ('party', 297),
 ('la', 296),
 ('missed', 296),
 ...]

In [20]:
pos_neg_ratios = Counter()

for term,cnt in list(total_counts.most_common()):
    if(cnt > 100):
        pos_neg_ratio = positive_counts[term] / float(negative_counts[term]+1)
        pos_neg_ratios[term] = pos_neg_ratio

for word,ratio in pos_neg_ratios.most_common():
    if(ratio > 1):
        pos_neg_ratios[word] = np.log(ratio)
    else:
        pos_neg_ratios[word] = -np.log((1 / (ratio+0.01)))

In [21]:
# words most frequently seen in a review with a "POSITIVE" label
pos_neg_ratios.most_common()


Out[21]:
[('edie', 4.6913478822291435),
 ('paulie', 4.0775374439057197),
 ('felix', 3.1527360223636558),
 ('polanski', 2.8233610476132043),
 ('matthau', 2.8067217286092401),
 ('victoria', 2.6810215287142909),
 ('mildred', 2.6026896854443837),
 ('gandhi', 2.5389738710582761),
 ('flawless', 2.451005098112319),
 ('superbly', 2.2600254785752498),
 ('perfection', 2.1594842493533721),
 ('astaire', 2.1400661634962708),
 ('captures', 2.0386195471595809),
 ('voight', 2.0301704926730531),
 ('wonderfully', 2.0218960560332353),
 ('powell', 1.9783454248084671),
 ('brosnan', 1.9547990964725592),
 ('lily', 1.9203768470501485),
 ('bakshi', 1.9029851043382795),
 ('lincoln', 1.9014583864844796),
 ('refreshing', 1.8551812956655511),
 ('breathtaking', 1.8481124057791867),
 ('bourne', 1.8478489358790986),
 ('lemmon', 1.8458266904983307),
 ('delightful', 1.8002701588959635),
 ('flynn', 1.7996646487351682),
 ('andrews', 1.7764919970972666),
 ('homer', 1.7692866133759964),
 ('beautifully', 1.7626953362841438),
 ('soccer', 1.7578579175523736),
 ('elvira', 1.7397031072720019),
 ('underrated', 1.7197859696029656),
 ('gripping', 1.7165360479904674),
 ('superb', 1.7091514458966952),
 ('delight', 1.6714733033535532),
 ('welles', 1.6677068205580761),
 ('sadness', 1.663505133704376),
 ('sinatra', 1.6389967146756448),
 ('touching', 1.637217476541176),
 ('timeless', 1.62924053973028),
 ('macy', 1.6211339521972916),
 ('unforgettable', 1.6177367152487956),
 ('favorites', 1.6158688027643908),
 ('stewart', 1.6119987332957739),
 ('hartley', 1.6094379124341003),
 ('sullivan', 1.6094379124341003),
 ('extraordinary', 1.6094379124341003),
 ('brilliantly', 1.5950491749820008),
 ('friendship', 1.5677652160335325),
 ('wonderful', 1.5645425925262093),
 ('palma', 1.5553706911638245),
 ('magnificent', 1.54663701119507),
 ('finest', 1.5462590108125689),
 ('jackie', 1.5439233053234738),
 ('ritter', 1.5404450409471491),
 ('tremendous', 1.5184661342283736),
 ('freedom', 1.5091151908062312),
 ('fantastic', 1.5048433868558566),
 ('terrific', 1.5026699370083942),
 ('noir', 1.493925025312256),
 ('sidney', 1.493925025312256),
 ('outstanding', 1.4910053152089213),
 ('mann', 1.4894785973551214),
 ('pleasantly', 1.4894785973551214),
 ('nancy', 1.488077055429833),
 ('marie', 1.4825711915553104),
 ('marvelous', 1.4739999415389962),
 ('excellent', 1.4647538505723599),
 ('ruth', 1.4596256342054401),
 ('stanwyck', 1.4412101187160054),
 ('widmark', 1.4350845252893227),
 ('splendid', 1.4271163556401458),
 ('chan', 1.423108334242607),
 ('exceptional', 1.4201959127955721),
 ('tender', 1.410986973710262),
 ('gentle', 1.4078005663408544),
 ('poignant', 1.4022947024663317),
 ('gem', 1.3932148039644643),
 ('amazing', 1.3919815802404802),
 ('chilling', 1.3862943611198906),
 ('captivating', 1.3862943611198906),
 ('fisher', 1.3862943611198906),
 ('davies', 1.3862943611198906),
 ('darker', 1.3652409519220583),
 ('april', 1.3499267169490159),
 ('kelly', 1.3461743673304654),
 ('blake', 1.3418425985490567),
 ('overlooked', 1.329135947279942),
 ('ralph', 1.32818673031261),
 ('bette', 1.3156767939059373),
 ('hoffman', 1.3150668518315229),
 ('cole', 1.3121863889661687),
 ('shines', 1.3049487216659381),
 ('powerful', 1.2999662776313934),
 ('notch', 1.2950456896547455),
 ('remarkable', 1.2883688239495823),
 ('pitt', 1.286210902562908),
 ('winters', 1.2833463918674481),
 ('vivid', 1.2762934659055623),
 ('gritty', 1.2757524867200667),
 ('giallo', 1.2745029551317739),
 ('portrait', 1.2704625455947689),
 ('innocence', 1.2694300209805796),
 ('psychiatrist', 1.2685113254635072),
 ('favorite', 1.2668956297860055),
 ('ensemble', 1.2656663733312759),
 ('stunning', 1.2622417124499117),
 ('burns', 1.259880436264232),
 ('garbo', 1.258954938743289),
 ('barbara', 1.2580400255962119),
 ('panic', 1.2527629684953681),
 ('holly', 1.2527629684953681),
 ('philip', 1.2527629684953681),
 ('carol', 1.2481440226390734),
 ('perfect', 1.246742480713785),
 ('appreciated', 1.2462482874741743),
 ('favourite', 1.2411123512753928),
 ('journey', 1.2367626271489269),
 ('rural', 1.235471471385307),
 ('bond', 1.2321436812926323),
 ('builds', 1.2305398317106577),
 ('brilliant', 1.2287554137664785),
 ('brooklyn', 1.2286654169163074),
 ('von', 1.225175011976539),
 ('unfolds', 1.2163953243244932),
 ('recommended', 1.2163953243244932),
 ('daniel', 1.20215296760895),
 ('perfectly', 1.1971931173405572),
 ('crafted', 1.1962507582320256),
 ('prince', 1.1939224684724346),
 ('troubled', 1.192138346678933),
 ('consequences', 1.1865810616140668),
 ('haunting', 1.1814999484738773),
 ('cinderella', 1.180052620608284),
 ('alexander', 1.1759989522835299),
 ('emotions', 1.1753049094563641),
 ('boxing', 1.1735135968412274),
 ('subtle', 1.1734135017508081),
 ('curtis', 1.1649873576129823),
 ('rare', 1.1566438362402944),
 ('loved', 1.1563661500586044),
 ('daughters', 1.1526795099383853),
 ('courage', 1.1438688802562305),
 ('dentist', 1.1426722784621401),
 ('highly', 1.1420208631618658),
 ('nominated', 1.1409146683587992),
 ('tony', 1.1397491942285991),
 ('draws', 1.1325138403437911),
 ('everyday', 1.1306150197542835),
 ('contrast', 1.1284652518177909),
 ('cried', 1.1213405397456659),
 ('fabulous', 1.1210851445201684),
 ('ned', 1.120591195386885),
 ('fay', 1.120591195386885),
 ('emma', 1.1184149159642893),
 ('sensitive', 1.113318436057805),
 ('smooth', 1.1089750757036563),
 ('dramas', 1.1080910326226534),
 ('today', 1.1050431789984001),
 ('helps', 1.1023091505494358),
 ('inspiring', 1.0986122886681098),
 ('jimmy', 1.0937696641923216),
 ('awesome', 1.0931328229034842),
 ('unique', 1.0881409888008142),
 ('tragic', 1.0871835928444868),
 ('intense', 1.0870514662670339),
 ('stellar', 1.0857088838322018),
 ('rival', 1.0822184788924332),
 ('provides', 1.0797081340289569),
 ('depression', 1.0782034170369026),
 ('shy', 1.0775588794702773),
 ('carrie', 1.076139432816051),
 ('blend', 1.0753554265038423),
 ('hank', 1.0736109864626924),
 ('diana', 1.0726368022648489),
 ('adorable', 1.0726368022648489),
 ('unexpected', 1.0722255334949147),
 ('achievement', 1.0668635903535293),
 ('bettie', 1.0663514264498881),
 ('happiness', 1.0632729222228008),
 ('glorious', 1.0608719606852626),
 ('davis', 1.0541605260972757),
 ('terrifying', 1.0525211814678428),
 ('beauty', 1.050410186850232),
 ('ideal', 1.0479685558493548),
 ('fears', 1.0467872208035236),
 ('hong', 1.0438040521731147),
 ('seasons', 1.0433496099930604),
 ('fascinating', 1.0414538748281612),
 ('carries', 1.0345904299031787),
 ('satisfying', 1.0321225473992768),
 ('definite', 1.0319209141694374),
 ('touched', 1.0296194171811581),
 ('greatest', 1.0248947127715422),
 ('creates', 1.0241097613701886),
 ('aunt', 1.023388867430522),
 ('walter', 1.022328983918479),
 ('spectacular', 1.0198314108149955),
 ('portrayal', 1.0189810189761024),
 ('ann', 1.0127808528183286),
 ('enterprise', 1.0116009116784799),
 ('musicals', 1.0096648026516135),
 ('deeply', 1.0094845087721023),
 ('incredible', 1.0061677561461084),
 ('mature', 1.0060195018402847),
 ('triumph', 0.99682959435816731),
 ('margaret', 0.99682959435816731),
 ('navy', 0.99493385919326827),
 ('harry', 0.99176919305006062),
 ('lucas', 0.990398704027877),
 ('sweet', 0.98966110487955483),
 ('joey', 0.98794672078059009),
 ('oscar', 0.98721905111049713),
 ('balance', 0.98649499054740353),
 ('warm', 0.98485340331145166),
 ('ages', 0.98449898190068863),
 ('glover', 0.98082925301172619),
 ('guilt', 0.98082925301172619),
 ('carrey', 0.98082925301172619),
 ('learns', 0.97881108885548895),
 ('unusual', 0.97788374278196932),
 ('sons', 0.97777581552483595),
 ('complex', 0.97761897738147796),
 ('essence', 0.97753435711487369),
 ('brazil', 0.9769153536905899),
 ('widow', 0.97650959186720987),
 ('solid', 0.97537964824416146),
 ('beautiful', 0.97326301262841053),
 ('holmes', 0.97246100334120955),
 ('awe', 0.97186058302896583),
 ('vhs', 0.97116734209998934),
 ('eerie', 0.97116734209998934),
 ('lonely', 0.96873720724669754),
 ('grim', 0.96873720724669754),
 ('sport', 0.96825047080486615),
 ('debut', 0.96508089604358704),
 ('destiny', 0.96343751029985703),
 ('thrillers', 0.96281074750904794),
 ('tears', 0.95977584381389391),
 ('rose', 0.95664202739772253),
 ('feelings', 0.95551144502743635),
 ('ginger', 0.95551144502743635),
 ('winning', 0.95471810900804055),
 ('stanley', 0.95387344302319799),
 ('cox', 0.95343027882361187),
 ('paris', 0.95278479030472663),
 ('heart', 0.95238806924516806),
 ('hooked', 0.95155887071161305),
 ('comfortable', 0.94803943018873538),
 ('mgm', 0.94446160884085151),
 ('masterpiece', 0.94155039863339296),
 ('themes', 0.94118828349588235),
 ('danny', 0.93967118051821874),
 ('anime', 0.93378388932167222),
 ('perry', 0.93328830824272613),
 ('joy', 0.93301752567946861),
 ('lovable', 0.93081883243706487),
 ('hal', 0.92953595862417571),
 ('mysteries', 0.92953595862417571),
 ('louis', 0.92871325187271225),
 ('charming', 0.92520609553210742),
 ('urban', 0.92367083917177761),
 ('allows', 0.92183091224977043),
 ('impact', 0.91815814604895041),
 ('gradually', 0.91629073187415511),
 ('lifestyle', 0.91629073187415511),
 ('italy', 0.91629073187415511),
 ('spy', 0.91289514287301687),
 ('treat', 0.91193342650519937),
 ('subsequent', 0.91056005716517008),
 ('kennedy', 0.90981821736853763),
 ('loving', 0.90967549275543591),
 ('surprising', 0.90937028902958128),
 ('quiet', 0.90648673177753425),
 ('winter', 0.90624039602065365),
 ('reveals', 0.90490540964902977),
 ('raw', 0.90445627422715225),
 ('funniest', 0.90078654533818991),
 ('pleased', 0.89994159387262562),
 ('norman', 0.89994159387262562),
 ('thief', 0.89874642222324552),
 ('season', 0.89827222637147675),
 ('secrets', 0.89794159320595857),
 ('colorful', 0.89705936994626756),
 ('highest', 0.8967461358011849),
 ('compelling', 0.89462923509297576),
 ('danes', 0.89248008318043659),
 ('castle', 0.88967708335606499),
 ('kudos', 0.88889175768604067),
 ('great', 0.88810470901464589),
 ('baseball', 0.88730319500090271),
 ('subtitles', 0.88730319500090271),
 ('bleak', 0.88730319500090271),
 ('winner', 0.88643776872447388),
 ('tragedy', 0.88563699078315261),
 ('todd', 0.88551907320740142),
 ('nicely', 0.87924946019380601),
 ('arthur', 0.87546873735389985),
 ('essential', 0.87373111745535925),
 ('gorgeous', 0.8731725250935497),
 ('fonda', 0.87294029100054127),
 ('eastwood', 0.87139541196626402),
 ('focuses', 0.87082835779739776),
 ('enjoyed', 0.87070195951624607),
 ('natural', 0.86997924506912838),
 ('intensity', 0.86835126958503595),
 ('witty', 0.86824103423244681),
 ('rob', 0.8642954367557748),
 ('worlds', 0.86377269759070874),
 ('health', 0.86113891179907498),
 ('magical', 0.85953791528170564),
 ('deeper', 0.85802182375017932),
 ('lucy', 0.85618680780444956),
 ('moving', 0.85566611005772031),
 ('lovely', 0.85290640004681306),
 ('purple', 0.8513711857748395),
 ('memorable', 0.84801189112086062),
 ('sings', 0.84729786038720367),
 ('craig', 0.84342938360928321),
 ('modesty', 0.84342938360928321),
 ('relate', 0.84326559685926517),
 ('episodes', 0.84223712084137292),
 ('strong', 0.84167135777060931),
 ('smith', 0.83959811108590054),
 ('tear', 0.83704136022001441),
 ('apartment', 0.83333115290549531),
 ('princess', 0.83290912293510388),
 ('disagree', 0.83290912293510388),
 ('kung', 0.83173334384609199),
 ('adventure', 0.83150561393278388),
 ('columbo', 0.82667857318446791),
 ('jake', 0.82667857318446791),
 ('adds', 0.82485652591452319),
 ('hart', 0.82472353834866463),
 ('strength', 0.82417544296634937),
 ('realizes', 0.82360006895738058),
 ('dave', 0.8232003088081431),
 ('childhood', 0.82208086393583857),
 ('forbidden', 0.81989888619908913),
 ('tight', 0.81883539572344199),
 ('surreal', 0.8178506590609026),
 ('manager', 0.81770990320170756),
 ('dancer', 0.81574950265227764),
 ('con', 0.81093021621632877),
 ('studios', 0.81093021621632877),
 ('miike', 0.80821651034473263),
 ('realistic', 0.80807714723392232),
 ('explicit', 0.80792269515237358),
 ('kurt', 0.8060875917405409),
 ('traditional', 0.80535917116687328),
 ('deals', 0.80535917116687328),
 ('holds', 0.80493858654806194),
 ('carl', 0.80437281567016972),
 ('touches', 0.80396154690023547),
 ('gene', 0.80314807577427383),
 ('albert', 0.8027669055771679),
 ('abc', 0.80234647252493729),
 ('cry', 0.80011930011211307),
 ('sides', 0.7995275841185171),
 ('develops', 0.79850769621777162),
 ('eyre', 0.79850769621777162),
 ('dances', 0.79694397424158891),
 ('oscars', 0.79633141679517616),
 ('legendary', 0.79600456599965308),
 ('importance', 0.79492987486988764),
 ('hearted', 0.79492987486988764),
 ('portraying', 0.79356592830699269),
 ('impressed', 0.79258107754813223),
 ('waters', 0.79112758892014912),
 ('empire', 0.79078565012386137),
 ('edge', 0.789774016249017),
 ('environment', 0.78845736036427028),
 ('jean', 0.78845736036427028),
 ('sentimental', 0.7864791203521645),
 ('captured', 0.78623760362595729),
 ('styles', 0.78592891401091158),
 ('daring', 0.78592891401091158),
 ('backgrounds', 0.78275933924963248),
 ('frank', 0.78275933924963248),
 ('matches', 0.78275933924963248),
 ('tense', 0.78275933924963248),
 ('gothic', 0.78209466657644144),
 ('sharp', 0.7814397877056235),
 ('achieved', 0.78015855754957497),
 ('court', 0.77947526404844247),
 ('steals', 0.7789140023173704),
 ('rules', 0.77844476107184035),
 ('colors', 0.77684619943659217),
 ('reunion', 0.77318988823348167),
 ('covers', 0.77139937745969345),
 ('tale', 0.77010822169607374),
 ('rain', 0.7683706017975328),
 ('denzel', 0.76804848873306297),
 ('stays', 0.76787072675588186),
 ('blob', 0.76725515271366718),
 ('conventional', 0.76214005204689672),
 ('maria', 0.76214005204689672),
 ('fresh', 0.76158434211317383),
 ('midnight', 0.76096977689870637),
 ('landscape', 0.75852993982279704),
 ('animated', 0.75768570169751648),
 ('titanic', 0.75666058628227129),
 ('sunday', 0.75666058628227129),
 ('spring', 0.7537718023763802),
 ('cagney', 0.7537718023763802),
 ('enjoyable', 0.75246375771636476),
 ('immensely', 0.75198768058287868),
 ('sir', 0.7507762933965817),
 ('nevertheless', 0.75067102469813185),
 ('driven', 0.74994477895307854),
 ('performances', 0.74883252516063137),
 ('memories', 0.74721440183022114),
 ('nowadays', 0.74721440183022114),
 ('simple', 0.74641420974143258),
 ('golden', 0.74533293373051557),
 ('leslie', 0.74533293373051557),
 ('lovers', 0.74497224842453125),
 ('relationship', 0.74484232345601786),
 ('supporting', 0.74357803418683721),
 ('che', 0.74262723782331497),
 ('packed', 0.7410032017375805),
 ('trek', 0.74021469141793106),
 ('provoking', 0.73840377214806618),
 ('strikes', 0.73759894313077912),
 ('depiction', 0.73682224406260699),
 ('emotional', 0.73678211645681524),
 ('secretary', 0.7366322924996842),
 ('influenced', 0.73511137965897755),
 ('florida', 0.73511137965897755),
 ('germany', 0.73288750920945944),
 ('brings', 0.73142936713096229),
 ('lewis', 0.73129894652432159),
 ('elderly', 0.73088750854279239),
 ('owner', 0.72743625403857748),
 ('streets', 0.72666987259858895),
 ('henry', 0.72642196944481741),
 ('portrays', 0.72593700338293632),
 ('bears', 0.7252354951114458),
 ('china', 0.72489587887452556),
 ('anger', 0.72439972406404984),
 ('society', 0.72433010799663333),
 ('available', 0.72415741730250549),
 ('best', 0.72347034060446314),
 ('bugs', 0.72270598280148979),
 ('magic', 0.71878961117328299),
 ('verhoeven', 0.71846498854423513),
 ('delivers', 0.71846498854423513),
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 ('visuals', 0.44183275227903923),
 ('web', 0.44183275227903923),
 ('criminal', 0.4412745608048752),
 ('minor', 0.4409224199448939),
 ('jon', 0.44086703515908027),
 ('liked', 0.44074991514020723),
 ('restaurant', 0.44031183943833246),
 ('flaws', 0.43983275161237217),
 ('de', 0.43983275161237217),
 ('searching', 0.4393666597838457),
 ('rap', 0.43891304217570443),
 ('light', 0.43884433018199892),
 ('elizabeth', 0.43872232986464677),
 ('marry', 0.43861731542506488),
 ('oz', 0.43825493093115531),
 ('controversial', 0.43825493093115531),
 ('learned', 0.43825493093115531),
 ('slowly', 0.43785660389939979),
 ('bridge', 0.43721380642274466),
 ('thrilling', 0.43721380642274466),
 ('wayne', 0.43721380642274466),
 ('comedic', 0.43721380642274466),
 ('married', 0.43658501682196887),
 ('nazi', 0.4361020775700542),
 ('murder', 0.4353180712578455),
 ('physical', 0.4353180712578455),
 ('johnny', 0.43483971678806865),
 ('michelle', 0.43445264498141672),
 ('wallace', 0.43403848055222038),
 ('silent', 0.43395706390247063),
 ('comedies', 0.43395706390247063),
 ('played', 0.43387244114515305),
 ('international', 0.43363598507486073),
 ('vision', 0.43286408229627887),
 ('intelligent', 0.43196704885367099),
 ('shop', 0.43078291609245434),
 ('also', 0.43036720209769169),
 ('levels', 0.4302451371066513),
 ('miss', 0.43006426712153217),
 ('ocean', 0.4295626596872249),
 ...]

In [22]:
# words most frequently seen in a review with a "NEGATIVE" label
list(reversed(pos_neg_ratios.most_common()))[0:30]


Out[22]:
[('boll', -4.0778152602708904),
 ('uwe', -3.9218753018711578),
 ('seagal', -3.3202501058581921),
 ('unwatchable', -3.0269848170580955),
 ('stinker', -2.9876839403711624),
 ('mst', -2.7753833211707968),
 ('incoherent', -2.7641396677532537),
 ('unfunny', -2.5545257844967644),
 ('waste', -2.4907515123361046),
 ('blah', -2.4475792789485005),
 ('horrid', -2.3715779644809971),
 ('pointless', -2.3451073877136341),
 ('atrocious', -2.3187369339642556),
 ('redeeming', -2.2667790015910296),
 ('prom', -2.2601040980178784),
 ('drivel', -2.2476029585766928),
 ('lousy', -2.2118080125207054),
 ('worst', -2.1930856334332267),
 ('laughable', -2.172468615469592),
 ('awful', -2.1385076866397488),
 ('poorly', -2.1326133844207011),
 ('wasting', -2.1178155545614512),
 ('remotely', -2.111046881095167),
 ('existent', -2.0024805005437076),
 ('boredom', -1.9241486572738005),
 ('miserably', -1.9216610938019989),
 ('sucks', -1.9166645809588516),
 ('uninspired', -1.9131499212248517),
 ('lame', -1.9117232884159072),
 ('insult', -1.9085323769376259)]

Transforming Text into Numbers


In [26]:
from IPython.display import Image

review = "This was a horrible, terrible movie."

Image(filename='sentiment_network.png')


Out[26]:

In [27]:
review = "The movie was excellent"

Image(filename='sentiment_network_pos.png')


Out[27]:

Project 2: Creating the Input/Output Data


In [74]:
vocab = set(total_counts.keys())
vocab_size = len(vocab)
print(vocab_size)


74074

In [75]:
list(vocab)


Out[75]:
['',
 'inhabitants',
 'goku',
 'stunts',
 'catepillar',
 'kristensen',
 'senegal',
 'goddess',
 'distroy',
 'unexplainably',
 'concoctions',
 'petite',
 'scribe',
 'stevson',
 'sctv',
 'soundscape',
 'rana',
 'metamorphose',
 'immortalizer',
 'henstridge',
 'planning',
 'akiva',
 'plod',
 'eko',
 'orderly',
 'zeleznice',
 'verbose',
 'amplify',
 'resonation',
 'critize',
 'jefferies',
 'mountainbillies',
 'steinbichler',
 'vowel',
 'rafe',
 'bonbons',
 'tulipe',
 'clot',
 'distended',
 'his',
 'impatiently',
 'unfortuntly',
 'lung',
 'scapegoats',
 'muzzle',
 'pscychosexual',
 'outbid',
 'obit',
 'sideshows',
 'jugde',
 'particolare',
 'kevloun',
 'masterful',
 'quartier',
 'unravelling',
 'necessarily',
 'antiques',
 'strutts',
 'tilts',
 'disconcert',
 'dossiers',
 'sorriest',
 'blart',
 'iberia',
 'situations',
 'frmann',
 'daniell',
 'rays',
 'pried',
 'khoobsurat',
 'leavitt',
 'caiano',
 'sagan',
 'attractiveness',
 'kitaparaporn',
 'hamilton',
 'massages',
 'reasonably',
 'horgan',
 'chemist',
 'audrey',
 'jana',
 'dutch',
 'override',
 'spasms',
 'resumed',
 'stinson',
 'widows',
 'stonewall',
 'palatial',
 'neuman',
 'abandon',
 'anglophile',
 'marathon',
 'chevette',
 'unscary',
 'eponymously',
 'spoilerific',
 'fleashens',
 'brigand',
 'politeness',
 'clued',
 'dermatonecrotic',
 'grady',
 'mulligan',
 'ol',
 'bertolucci',
 'incubation',
 'oldboy',
 'snden',
 'plaintiffs',
 'fk',
 'deply',
 'franchot',
 'cyhper',
 'glorifying',
 'mazovia',
 'elizabeth',
 'palestine',
 'robby',
 'wongo',
 'moshing',
 'eeeee',
 'doltish',
 'bree',
 'postponed',
 'gunslinger',
 'debacles',
 'kamm',
 'herman',
 'rapture',
 'rolando',
 'tetsuothe',
 'premises',
 'bruck',
 'loosely',
 'boylen',
 'proportions',
 'grecianized',
 'wodehousian',
 'encapsuling',
 'partly',
 'posative',
 'calms',
 'stadling',
 'austrailia',
 'shortland',
 'wheeling',
 'darkie',
 'mckellar',
 'cushy',
 'ooookkkk',
 'milky',
 'unfolded',
 'degrades',
 'authenticating',
 'rotheroe',
 'beart',
 'neath',
 'grispin',
 'intoxicants',
 'nnette',
 'slinging',
 'tsukamoto',
 'stows',
 'suddenness',
 'waqt',
 'degrading',
 'camazotz',
 'blarney',
 'shakher',
 'delinquency',
 'tomreynolds',
 'insecticide',
 'charlton',
 'hare',
 'wayland',
 'nakada',
 'urbane',
 'sadomasochistic',
 'larnia',
 'hyping',
 'yr',
 'hebert',
 'accentuating',
 'deathrow',
 'galligan',
 'unmediated',
 'treble',
 'alphabet',
 'soad',
 'donen',
 'lord',
 'recess',
 'handsome',
 'center',
 'vignettes',
 'rescuers',
 'pairings',
 'uselful',
 'sanders',
 'nots',
 'hatsumomo',
 'appleby',
 'tampax',
 'sprinkling',
 'defacing',
 'lofty',
 'opaque',
 'tlc',
 'romagna',
 'tablespoons',
 'bernhard',
 'verger',
 'acumen',
 'percentages',
 'wendingo',
 'resonating',
 'vntoarea',
 'redundancies',
 'red',
 'pitied',
 'belying',
 'gleefulness',
 'bibbidi',
 'heiligt',
 'gitane',
 'journalist',
 'focusing',
 'plethora',
 'citizen',
 'coster',
 'clunkers',
 'deplorable',
 'forgive',
 'proplems',
 'magwood',
 'bankers',
 'aqua',
 'donated',
 'disbelieving',
 'acomplication',
 'immediately',
 'contrasted',
 'reidelsheimer',
 'fox',
 'springs',
 'toolbox',
 'contacting',
 'ace',
 'washrooms',
 'raving',
 'dynamism',
 'mae',
 'sky',
 'disharmony',
 'untutored',
 'icarus',
 'taint',
 'kargil',
 'captain',
 'paucity',
 'fits',
 'tumbles',
 'amer',
 'bueller',
 'redubbed',
 'cleansed',
 'kollos',
 'shara',
 'humma',
 'felichy',
 'outa',
 'piglets',
 'gombell',
 'supermen',
 'superlow',
 'enhance',
 'goode',
 'shalt',
 'kubanskie',
 'zenith',
 'ananda',
 'ocd',
 'matlin',
 'nosed',
 'presumptuous',
 'rerun',
 'toyko',
 'mazar',
 'sundry',
 'bilb',
 'fugly',
 'orchestrating',
 'prosaically',
 'maricarmen',
 'moveis',
 'conelly',
 'estrange',
 'lusciously',
 'seasonings',
 'sums',
 'delirious',
 'quincey',
 'flesh',
 'tootsie',
 'ai',
 'tenma',
 'appropriations',
 'chainsaw',
 'ides',
 'surrogacy',
 'pungent',
 'gallon',
 'damaso',
 'caribou',
 'perico',
 'supplying',
 'ro',
 'yuy',
 'valium',
 'debuted',
 'robbin',
 'mounts',
 'interpolated',
 'aetv',
 'plummer',
 'competence',
 'toadies',
 'dubiel',
 'clavichord',
 'asunder',
 'sublety',
 'airfix',
 'stoltzfus',
 'ruth',
 'fluorescent',
 'improves',
 'rebenga',
 'russells',
 'deliberation',
 'zsa',
 'dardino',
 'macs',
 'servile',
 'jlb',
 'apallonia',
 'crossbows',
 'locus',
 'mislead',
 'corey',
 'blundered',
 'jeopardizes',
 'disorganized',
 'discuss',
 'longish',
 'tieing',
 'ledger',
 'speechifying',
 'amitabhz',
 'bbc',
 'chimayo',
 'pranked',
 'superman',
 'aggravated',
 'rifleman',
 'yvone',
 'radiant',
 'galico',
 'debris',
 'waking',
 'btw',
 'havnt',
 'francen',
 'chattered',
 'scathed',
 'pic',
 'ceremonies',
 'watergate',
 'betsy',
 'majorca',
 'meercat',
 'noirs',
 'grunts',
 'drecky',
 'tribulations',
 'avery',
 'talladega',
 'eights',
 'dumbing',
 'alloimono',
 'scrutinising',
 'geta',
 'beltrami',
 'pvc',
 'horse',
 'tiburon',
 'huitime',
 'ripple',
 'loitering',
 'forensics',
 'nearly',
 'elizabethan',
 'ellington',
 'uzi',
 'sicily',
 'camion',
 'motivated',
 'rung',
 'gao',
 'licitates',
 'protocol',
 'smirker',
 'torin',
 'newlywed',
 'rich',
 'dismay',
 'skyler',
 'moonwalks',
 'haranguing',
 'sunburst',
 'grifter',
 'undersold',
 'chearator',
 'marino',
 'scala',
 'conditioner',
 'ulysses',
 'lamarre',
 'figueroa',
 'flane',
 'allllllll',
 'slide',
 'lateness',
 'selbst',
 'gandhis',
 'dramatizing',
 'catchphrase',
 'doable',
 'stadiums',
 'alexanderplatz',
 'pandemonium',
 'misrepresents',
 'earth',
 'mounties',
 'seeker',
 'cheat',
 'outbreaks',
 'snowstorm',
 'baur',
 'schedules',
 'bathetic',
 'incorrect',
 'johnathon',
 'rosanne',
 'mundanely',
 'cauldrons',
 'forrest',
 'poky',
 'legislation',
 'womanness',
 'spender',
 'crazy',
 'rational',
 'terrell',
 'zero',
 'coincides',
 'thoughout',
 'mathew',
 'narnia',
 'naseeruddin',
 'bucks',
 'affronts',
 'topple',
 'degree',
 'preyed',
 'passionately',
 'defeats',
 'torchwood',
 'sources',
 'botticelli',
 'compactor',
 'kosturica',
 'waiving',
 'gunnar',
 'stiffler',
 'fwd',
 'kawajiri',
 'eleanor',
 'sistahs',
 'soulhunter',
 'belies',
 'wrathful',
 'americans',
 'ferdinandvongalitzien',
 'kendra',
 'weirdy',
 'unforgivably',
 'chepart',
 'tatta',
 'departmentthe',
 'dig',
 'blatty',
 'marionettes',
 'atop',
 'chim',
 'saurian',
 'woes',
 'cloudscape',
 'resignedly',
 'unrooted',
 'keuck',
 'hitlerian',
 'stylings',
 'crewed',
 'bedeviled',
 'unfurnished',
 'reedus',
 'circumstances',
 'grasped',
 'smurfettes',
 'fn',
 'dishwashers',
 'roadie',
 'ruthlessness',
 'refrains',
 'lampooning',
 'semblance',
 'richart',
 'legions',
 'gwenneth',
 'enmity',
 'assess',
 'manufacturer',
 'bullosa',
 'outrun',
 'hogan',
 'chekov',
 'blithe',
 'code',
 'drillings',
 'revolvers',
 'aredavid',
 'robespierre',
 'achcha',
 'boyfriendhe',
 'wallow',
 'toga',
 'graphed',
 'tonking',
 'going',
 'bosnians',
 'willy',
 'rohauer',
 'fim',
 'forbidding',
 'yew',
 'rationalised',
 'shimomo',
 'opposition',
 'landis',
 'minded',
 'despicableness',
 'easting',
 'arghhhhh',
 'ebb',
 'trialat',
 'protected',
 'negras',
 'rick',
 'muti',
 'tracker',
 'shawl',
 'differentiates',
 'sweetheart',
 'deepened',
 'manmohan',
 'trevethyn',
 'brain',
 'incomprehensibly',
 'piercing',
 'pasadena',
 'shtick',
 'ute',
 'viggo',
 'supersedes',
 'ack',
 'cites',
 'taurus',
 'relevent',
 'minidress',
 'philosopher',
 'bel',
 'mahattan',
 'moden',
 'compiling',
 'advertising',
 'rogues',
 'unimaginative',
 'subpaar',
 'ademir',
 'darkly',
 'saturate',
 'fledgling',
 'breaths',
 'padre',
 'aszombi',
 'pachabel',
 'incalculable',
 'ozone',
 'sped',
 'mpho',
 'rawail',
 'forbid',
 'synth',
 'guttersnipe',
 'reputedly',
 'holiness',
 'unessential',
 'hampden',
 'asylum',
 'bolye',
 'strangers',
 'rantzen',
 'farrellys',
 'vigourous',
 'cantinflas',
 'enshrined',
 'boris',
 'expetations',
 'replaying',
 'prestige',
 'bukater',
 'overpaid',
 'exhude',
 'backsides',
 'topless',
 'sufferings',
 'nitwits',
 'cordova',
 'incensed',
 'danira',
 'unrelenting',
 'disabling',
 'ferdy',
 'gerard',
 'drewitt',
 'mero',
 'monsters',
 'precautions',
 'lamping',
 'relinquish',
 'demy',
 'drink',
 'chamberlin',
 'unjustifiably',
 'cove',
 'floodwaters',
 'searing',
 'isral',
 'ling',
 'grossness',
 'pickier',
 'pax',
 'wierd',
 'tereasa',
 'smog',
 'girotti',
 'spat',
 'sera',
 'noxious',
 'misbehaving',
 'scouts',
 'refreshments',
 'autobiographic',
 'shi',
 'toyomichi',
 'bits',
 'psychotics',
 'barzell',
 'colt',
 'shivering',
 'pugilist',
 'gladiator',
 'dryer',
 'reissues',
 'scrivener',
 'predicable',
 'objection',
 'marmalade',
 'seems',
 'spellbind',
 'trifecta',
 'innovator',
 'shriekfest',
 'inthused',
 'contestants',
 'goody',
 'samotri',
 'serviced',
 'nozires',
 'ins',
 'mutilating',
 'dupes',
 'launius',
 'widescreen',
 'joo',
 'discretionary',
 'enlivens',
 'bushes',
 'chills',
 'header',
 'activist',
 'gethsemane',
 'phoenixs',
 'wreathed',
 'sacrine',
 'electrifyingly',
 'basely',
 'ghidora',
 'binder',
 'dogfights',
 'sugar',
 'doddsville',
 'porkys',
 'scattershot',
 'refunded',
 'rudely',
 'insteadit',
 'zatichi',
 'eurotrash',
 'radioraptus',
 'hurls',
 'boogeman',
 'weighs',
 'danniele',
 'converging',
 'hypothermia',
 'glorfindel',
 'birthdays',
 'attentive',
 'mallepa',
 'spacewalk',
 'manoy',
 'bombshells',
 'farts',
 'lyoko',
 'southron',
 'destruction',
 'flemming',
 'manhole',
 'elainor',
 'bowersock',
 'lowly',
 'wfst',
 'limousines',
 'skolimowski',
 'saban',
 'koen',
 'malaysia',
 'uwi',
 'cyd',
 'apeing',
 'bonecrushing',
 'dini',
 'merest',
 'janina',
 'chemotrodes',
 'trials',
 'authorize',
 'whilhelm',
 'asthmatic',
 'broads',
 'missteps',
 'embittered',
 'chandeliers',
 'seeming',
 'miscalculate',
 'recommeded',
 'schoolwork',
 'coy',
 'mcconaughey',
 'philosophically',
 'waver',
 'fanny',
 'mestressat',
 'unwatchably',
 'saggy',
 'topness',
 'dwellings',
 'breakup',
 'hasselhoff',
 'superstars',
 'replay',
 'aggravates',
 'balances',
 'urging',
 'snidely',
 'aleksandar',
 'hildy',
 'kazuhiro',
 'slayer',
 'tangy',
 'brussels',
 'horne',
 'masayuki',
 'molden',
 'unravel',
 'goodtime',
 'interrogates',
 'bismillahhirrahmannirrahim',
 'rowboat',
 'dumann',
 'datedness',
 'astrotheology',
 'dekhiye',
 'valga',
 'kata',
 'wipes',
 'hostilities',
 'sentimentalising',
 'documentary',
 'salesman',
 'virtue',
 'unreasonably',
 'haver',
 'cei',
 'unglamorised',
 'balky',
 'complementary',
 'paychecks',
 'mnica',
 'wada',
 'ily',
 'prc',
 'ennobling',
 'functionality',
 'dissociated',
 'elk',
 'throbbing',
 'tempe',
 'linoleum',
 'photogrsphed',
 'bottacin',
 'hipper',
 'titillating',
 'barging',
 'untie',
 'sacchetti',
 'gnat',
 'roedel',
 'cohabitation',
 'performs',
 'sales',
 'migrs',
 'teachs',
 'nanavati',
 'fresco',
 'davison',
 'obstinate',
 'burglar',
 'masue',
 'dickory',
 'grills',
 'appelagate',
 'linkage',
 'enables',
 'loesser',
 'patties',
 'prudent',
 'mallorquins',
 'nativetex',
 'suprise',
 'drippy',
 'quill',
 'speeded',
 'farscape',
 'saddening',
 'centuries',
 'mos',
 'improvisationally',
 'neccessarily',
 'transmitter',
 'tankers',
 'latte',
 'mechanisation',
 'faracy',
 'synthetically',
 'thoughtless',
 'rake',
 'ropes',
 'desirable',
 'whitewashed',
 'donal',
 'crabby',
 'lifeless',
 'perfidy',
 'teresa',
 'bulldog',
 'cockamamie',
 'rasberries',
 'notethe',
 'captivity',
 'chiseling',
 'smaller',
 'clampets',
 'alerts',
 'tough',
 'wellingtonian',
 'aaaahhhhhhh',
 'dither',
 'incertitude',
 'florentine',
 'imperioli',
 'licking',
 'disparagement',
 'artfully',
 'feds',
 'fumiya',
 'tearfully',
 'lanchester',
 'undertaken',
 'longlost',
 'netted',
 'carrell',
 'uncompelling',
 'reliefs',
 'leona',
 'autorenfilm',
 'unfriendly',
 'typewriter',
 'shifted',
 'bertrand',
 'blesses',
 'tricking',
 'fireflies',
 'zanes',
 'unknowingly',
 'unnerve',
 'caning',
 'flat',
 'recluse',
 'dcreasy',
 'chipmunk',
 'dipper',
 'musee',
 'cousin',
 'shys',
 'berserkers',
 'eve',
 'conflagration',
 'irks',
 'restricts',
 'parsing',
 'positronic',
 'copout',
 'khala',
 'swiftness',
 'higginson',
 'imprint',
 'walter',
 'sundance',
 'whispering',
 'thematically',
 'underimpressed',
 'uno',
 'expressly',
 'russkies',
 'discos',
 'shaping',
 'verson',
 'prototype',
 'chapman',
 'trafficker',
 'semetary',
 'unrealistically',
 'lifewell',
 'rivas',
 'consequent',
 'katsu',
 'titantic',
 'jalees',
 'ranee',
 'shipbuilding',
 'gambles',
 'dispenses',
 'disfigurement',
 'bright',
 'cristian',
 'puertorricans',
 'constituent',
 'capta',
 'jewel',
 'erect',
 'farah',
 'despondently',
 'avoide',
 'inconnu',
 'headquarters',
 'sanguisga',
 ...]

In [46]:
import numpy as np

layer_0 = np.zeros((1,vocab_size))
layer_0


Out[46]:
array([[ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.]])

In [47]:
from IPython.display import Image
Image(filename='sentiment_network.png')


Out[47]:

In [48]:
word2index = {}

for i,word in enumerate(vocab):
    word2index[word] = i
word2index


Out[48]:
{'': 0,
 'inhabitants': 1,
 'goku': 2,
 'stunts': 3,
 'catepillar': 4,
 'kristensen': 5,
 'goddess': 7,
 'offing': 49797,
 'distroy': 8,
 'unexplainably': 9,
 'concoctions': 10,
 'petite': 11,
 'paramilitary': 24759,
 'scribe': 12,
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 'cushy': 150,
 'swiftness': 957,
 'underimpressed': 964,
 'imprint': 959,
 'sundance': 961,
 'aida': 31951,
 'thematically': 963,
 'uno': 965,
 'expressly': 966,
 'russkies': 967,
 'discos': 968,
 'shaping': 969,
 'verson': 970,
 'blushed': 61831,
 'prototype': 971,
 'lifewell': 976,
 'trafficker': 973,
 'crucifixions': 62188,
 'unrealistically': 975,
 'rivas': 977,
 'consequent': 978,
 'katsu': 979,
 'titantic': 980,
 'jalees': 981,
 'ranee': 982,
 'gambles': 984,
 'dispenses': 985,
 'disfigurement': 986,
 'bright': 987,
 'cristian': 988,
 'subculture': 37268,
 'capta': 991,
 'jewel': 992,
 'erect': 993,
 'avoide': 996,
 'inconnu': 997,
 'headquarters': 998,
 'babbling': 1000,
 'pac': 1001,
 'performace': 1003,
 'dorrit': 1004,
 'runners': 1005,
 'sentimentality': 1006,
 'marred': 1007,
 'commemorative': 1008,
 'helpers': 1012,
 'chiles': 1011,
 'snowy': 1013,
 'cheddar': 1014,
 'neath': 158,
 'outshine': 1016,
 'nadu': 1019,
 'wellbeing': 1020,
 'envisioned': 43779,
 'fanaticism': 1021,
 'morrisette': 12687,
 'sesame': 1024,
 'gran': 1023,
 'marlina': 1025,
 'artificiality': 1030,
 'coinsidence': 1027,
 'founders': 1028,
 'dismissably': 1029,
 'dracht': 66299,
 'scavengers': 1031,
 'neese': 12685,
 'pangborn': 1034,
 'elmore': 1039,
 'bristol': 71162,
 'lillies': 1035,
 'parkers': 1036,
 'skipped': 1038,
 'clipboard': 1042,
 'jucier': 1041,
 'haifa': 1043,
 ...}

In [49]:
def update_input_layer(review):
    
    global layer_0
    
    # clear out previous state, reset the layer to be all 0s
    layer_0 *= 0
    for word in review.split(" "):
        layer_0[0][word2index[word]] += 1

update_input_layer(reviews[0])

In [33]:
layer_0


Out[33]:
array([[ 18.,   0.,   0., ...,   0.,   0.,   0.]])

In [51]:
def get_target_for_label(label):
    if(label == 'POSITIVE'):
        return 1
    else:
        return 0

In [54]:
labels[0]


Out[54]:
'POSITIVE'

In [52]:
get_target_for_label(labels[0])


Out[52]:
1

In [55]:
labels[1]


Out[55]:
'NEGATIVE'

In [53]:
get_target_for_label(labels[1])


Out[53]:
0

Project 3: Building a Neural Network

  • Start with your neural network from the last chapter
  • 3 layer neural network
  • no non-linearity in hidden layer
  • use our functions to create the training data
  • create a "pre_process_data" function to create vocabulary for our training data generating functions
  • modify "train" to train over the entire corpus

Where to Get Help if You Need it


In [21]:
%matplotlib inline
%config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'retina'

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from collections import Counter

In [74]:
class NeuralNetwork(object):
    def __init__(self, input_nodes, hidden_nodes, output_nodes, learning_rate):
        
        self.pre_process_data(input_nodes)
        # Set number of nodes in input, hidden and output layers.
        self.input_nodes = len(self.layer_0)
        self.hidden_nodes = hidden_nodes
        self.output_nodes = output_nodes

        # Initialize weights
        self.weights_input_to_hidden = np.random.normal(0.0, self.hidden_nodes**-0.5, 
                                       (self.hidden_nodes, self.input_nodes))

        self.weights_hidden_to_output = np.random.normal(0.0, self.output_nodes**-0.5, 
                                       (self.output_nodes, self.hidden_nodes))
        self.lr = learning_rate
        
        #### TODO: Set self.activation_function to your implemented sigmoid function ####
        #
        # Note: in Python, you can define a function with a lambda expression,
        # as shown below.
        #self.activation_function = lambda x : 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x))  # Replace 0 with your sigmoid calculation.
        
        ### If the lambda code above is not something you're familiar with,
        # You can uncomment out the following three lines and put your 
        # implementation there instead.
        #
        #def sigmoid(x):
        #    return 0  # Replace 0 with your sigmoid calculation here
        #self.activation_function = sigmoid
                    
    
    def train(self, inputs_list, targets_list):
        
    
        self.update_input_layer(inputs_list)
        # Convert inputs list to 2d array
        inputs = np.array(self.layer_0, ndmin=2)
        targets = np.array(self.get_target_for_label(targets_list), ndmin=2)


        #### Implement the forward pass here ####
        ### Forward pass ###
        # TODO: Hidden layer - Replace these values with your calculations.
        hidden_inputs = np.dot(self.weights_input_to_hidden,inputs) # signals into hidden layer
        hidden_outputs = hidden_inputs # signals from hidden layer

        # TODO: Output layer - Replace these values with your calculations.
        final_inputs = np.dot(self.weights_hidden_to_output,hidden_outputs) # signals into final output layer
        final_outputs = final_inputs # signals from final output layer

        #### Implement the backward pass here ####
        ### Backward pass ###

        # TODO: Output error - Replace this value with your calculations.
        output_errors = targets - final_outputs # Output layer error is the difference between desired target and actual output.
        print(output_errors)
        # TODO: Backpropagated error - Replace these values with your calculations.
        hidden_errors = np.dot(output_errors.T,self.weights_hidden_to_output)
        hidden_grad = 1 # hidden layer gradients
        hidden_error_term = hidden_grad * hidden_errors

        # TODO: Update the weights - Replace these values with your calculations.
        self.weights_hidden_to_output +=  self.lr * output_errors * hidden_outputs # update hidden-to-output weights with gradient descent step
        self.weights_input_to_hidden += self.lr * hidden_error_term * inputs.T # update input-to-hidden weights with gradient descent step

        
    def run(self, inputs_list):
        # Run a forward pass through the network
        inputs = np.array(inputs_list, ndmin=2).T
        
        #### Implement the forward pass here ####
        # TODO: Hidden layer - replace these values with the appropriate calculations.
        hidden_inputs = np.dot(self.weights_input_to_hidden, inputs) # signals into hidden layer
        hidden_outputs = hidden_inputs # signals from hidden layer
        
        # TODO: Output layer - Replace these values with the appropriate calculations.
        final_inputs = np.dot(self.weights_hidden_to_output,hidden_outputs) # signals into final output layer
        final_outputs = final_inputs # signals from final output layer 
        
        return final_outputs
    def pre_process_data(self, reviews):
        total_counts=Counter()
        for i in range(len(reviews)):
                for word in reviews[i].split(" "):
                    total_counts[word] += 1

        self.vocab = set(total_counts.keys())
        vocab_size = len(self.vocab)

        self.word2index = {}
        for i,word in enumerate(self.vocab):
            self.word2index[word] = i
        
        self.layer_0 = np.zeros((1,vocab_size))
        list(self.layer_0)
    
    def update_input_layer(self, review):
    
        # clear out previous state, reset the layer to be all 0s
        self.layer_0 *= 0
        for word in review.split(" "):
            self.layer_0[0][self.word2index[word]] += 1

    def get_target_for_label(self, label):
        if(label == 'POSITIVE'):
            return 1
        else:
            return 0

In [75]:
def MSE(y, Y):
    return np.mean((y-Y)**2)

Training the network


In [77]:
import sys

### Set the hyperparameters here ###
epochs = 1500
learning_rate = 0.01
hidden_nodes = 8
output_nodes = 1

#N_i = len(reviews)
network = NeuralNetwork(reviews, hidden_nodes, output_nodes, learning_rate)


losses = {'train':[], 'validation':[]}
for e in range(epochs):
    # Go through a random batch of 128 records from the training data set
    #batch = np.random.choice(train_features.index, size=128)
    for record, target in zip(reviews, 
                              labels):
        print(target)
        network.train(record, target)
    
    # Printing out the training progress
    #train_loss = MSE(network.run(train_features), train_targets['cnt'].values)
    #val_loss = MSE(network.run(val_features), val_targets['cnt'].values)
    sys.stdout.write("\rProgress: " + str(100 * e/float(epochs))[:4] \
                     + "% ... Training loss: " + str(train_loss)[:5] \
                     + " ... Validation loss: " + str(val_loss)[:5])
    
    losses['train'].append(train_loss)
    losses['validation'].append(val_loss)


POSITIVE
[[-4.49312825  1.          1.         ...,  1.          1.          1.        ]]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-77-04469c7fb0dc> in <module>()
     18                               labels):
     19         print(target)
---> 20         network.train(record, target)
     21 
     22     # Printing out the training progress

<ipython-input-74-9de33343c1a8> in train(self, inputs_list, targets_list)
     62 
     63         # TODO: Update the weights - Replace these values with your calculations.
---> 64         self.weights_hidden_to_output +=  self.lr * output_errors * hidden_outputs # update hidden-to-output weights with gradient descent step
     65         self.weights_input_to_hidden += self.lr * hidden_error_term * inputs.T # update input-to-hidden weights with gradient descent step
     66 

ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (1,8) (8,74074) (1,8) 

In [ ]:
plt.plot(losses['train'], label='Training loss')
plt.plot(losses['validation'], label='Validation loss')
plt.legend()
plt.ylim(ymax=1)

Run


In [ ]:
print(network.run())